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¾È³çÇϼ¼¿ä? °úõÇâ±³¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÒ ½É°¡¿îÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Çâ±³¶õ °í·Á½Ã´ëºÎÅÍ Á¶¼±½Ã´ë±îÁö ¸ðµç Çлý¿¡°Ô µ¿µîÇÑ ±³À°À» Á¦°øÇÑ Çѱ¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ °ø±³À° ±â°üÀ̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ Çб³¶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°ÚÁö¿ä. °úõÇâ±³´Â Á¶¼±½Ã´ë Çâ±³ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ ¿¹½ÃÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

 

Good afternoon, this is Gawoon Shim who will be presenting on °úõÇâ±³. Çâ±³ is the first public education system in Korea that allowed all students to receive equal education regardless of their social class. In the modern sense, we could call this a "school". °úõÇâ±³, which we can see behind, is a prototype of Çâ±³s in the Chosun Dynasty.


Çѱ¹»ç ³»¿¡¼­ Çâ±³ÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒºÎÅÍ ¼³¸íÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. Çâ±³´Â °í·Á½Ã´ë¿¡ Áß¾Ó Áý±ÇÁ¦¸¦ °­È­Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼ö´ÜÀ¸·Î ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±× ÈÄ Á¶¼±½Ã´ë ¶§ Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼­ ¼º¸®ÇÐÀ» ÁÖµÈ À̳äÀ¸·Î »ï°Ô µÇ¸é¼­ ±³À°Àû ±â´É°ú ¹®È­Àû ±â´ÉÀÌ ºñ±³Àû È®´ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.

I will first explain about the role of Çâ±³ itself in Korean history. Çâ±³ was a method to enforce centralized government in the Korean dynasty. Then as the main ideology changed to Neo-Confucianism in the Chosun dynasty, its role extended to include education and culture.


Áö±ÝÀº ÀüÅë½Ã´ë ±³À°±â°üÀÇ »ó¡Àû ¸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î Àü±¹¿¡ ´ë·« 230¿©°³°¡ »êÀçÇØ ÀÖ´Ù. ±Ù´ëÀû ±³À°±â°üµéÀÌ Á¤ÂøµÇ±â Àü Àü±¹ ±Ô¸ð·Î °ø±³À°À» ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¼¼°è»ç¿¡µµ ¸Å¿ì µå¹® ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Áö¹æÀÇ Æò¹Î¿¡°Ôµµ ±ÕµîÇÑ ±³À°ÀÇ ±âȸ¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ°í °ú°Å¿¡ ÀÀ½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ Çâ±³´Â ¼±ÈıⰡ µÇ¸é¼­ ¼­¿ø¿¡°Ô ¹Ð¸®¸ç ¼ö°¡ Å©°Ô ÁÙ¾ú´Ù.

Now, about 230 Çâ±³s are remaining as symbols of traditional public education all around the country. Public education institutions are really rare even in the entire world history. Unfortunately, however, in the later era of the dynasty, ¡®¼­¿ø¡¯, another form of private education facility, came up and the number of ¡®Çâ±³¡¯ eventually decreased.


Çлý Á¤¿øÀº Áö¹æÀÇ Å©±â¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ 30¿¡¼­ 90¸í Á¤µµ¿´´Ù. ³ªÀÌ´Â º¸Åë 16-20¼¼·Î Á¦ÇÑÀ» µÎ¾ú´Âµ¥ ³î¶ø°Ôµµ ¶§·Î´Â 40»ì±îÁö Çлý½ÅºÐÀ¸·Î »ì±âµµ Çß´Ù.

Each had approximately 30 to 90 people depending on the size of the district. There were age limits from 16~20 but sometimes, there were students in their 40s. Surprising, no?


ÀÌÁ¦ º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î °úõÇâ±³¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æº¸ÀÚ. °úõÇâ±³´Â À¯±³°æÀüÀ» °øºÎÇÏ´Â °­´çÀÎ ¸í·û´ç°ú ¸í·û´ç°ú ´ë¼ºÀüÀ» ÀÕ´Â ³»»ï¹®, °øÀÚ´ÔÀ» ºñ·ÔÇÑ ¼ºÀÎÀ» ¸ð½Ã°í ¿¹¸¦ µå¸®´Â ´ë¼ºÀü, ±×¸®°í Á¤¹®À̶ó°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â È«»ì¹®À¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ¿Ü¿¡ Áö±ÝÀº ³²¾ÆÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº ÇлýµéÀÇ ±â¼÷»ç ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´ø µ¿¹«. ¼­¹«, µ¿Àç¿Í ¼­Àç°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

 

Now we will look into °úõÇâ±³ in particular. °úõÇâ±³ includes Myungryundang, where students study the scriptures of sages, Naesammun, the passage from Myungryundang to Daesungjeon, ¡®´ë¼ºÀü¡¯, a place for memorial rituals of Confucius and other sages, and Hongsalmun, the main door that we just saw at the beginning of the presentation. Other than these, we also have Dongmu, Seomu, Dongjae, and Seojae, which used to serve as the students' dormitory but do not exist today. Now, shall we begin our journey?


¸í·û´ç)

¸í·û´çÀº ÇлýµéÀÌ À¯±³°æÀüÀ» ¹è¿ì´Â ±³½ÇÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿ø·¡´Â ¾ç ¿·À¸·Î µ¿Àç¿Í ¼­Àç°¡ À§Ä¡ÇßÁö¸¸, ÀÌÁ¦ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±³»ýµéÀÇ ¼÷½Äºñ¿ë°ú ±³¼ö¿Í ÈƵµÀÇ ÀÓ±Ý. ÃáÃß Á¦¼ö ºñ¿ë µîÀº ±¹°¡ ºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöµÇ¾ú¾î. º»µð Çâ±³´Â ±¹°¡ ÇÏ±Þ ±³À° ±â°üÀ¸·Î ÇлýµéÀÇ °ú°Å ±ÞÁ¦¿Í ¼º±Õ°ü ÁøÇÐÀ» ¸ñÇ¥·Î ÇßÁö¸¸, 1894³â °ú°ÅÁ¦°¡ ÆóÁöµÇ¸é¼­ ¹®¹¦¸¸À» Çà»çÇÏ´Â ±â°üÀ¸·Î ³²°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.

¸í·û´ç is a place where students learn Confucianism scriptures. Dongjae and Seojae, the dormitories, used to be placed on either side of the building but are now missing. Boarding for the students, salaries for the professors, and cost for ancestral rites were maintained by governmental aids. Çâ±³ helped prepare its students become bureaucrats or scholars.


¸í·û´ç¿¡¼­´Â ¾ç¹Ý°ú Æò¹ÎÀÌ ½ÅºÐÀÇ Â÷º° ¾øÀÌ °øÆòÇÑ´ë¿ì¸¦ ¹ÞÀ¸¸é¼­ °øºÎ¸¦ Çß´Ù. ¼ºÀûÀÌ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ÇлýÀº ±¹°¡½ÃÇè¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÀÀ½ÃÇϴ ƯÀüÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò°í, ³ë¿ªÀ» ¸éÁ¦¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.

Surprisingly, students were equally treated in ¡®¸í·û´ç¡¯, and outstanding students also had benefits of taking ¡®national test¡¯ and exemption from military services.


 

³»»ï¹®)

ÀÚ¿¬°ú À½¾çÀÇ ÀÌÄ¡¸¦ µû¸£´Â Àǹ̷ΠÇâ±³ ³»¿¡¼­´Â Ç×»ó ¿À¸¥ÂÊÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡ ¿ÞÂÊÀ¸·Î ³ª¿Í¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. °¡¿îµ¥ÀÇ Ãþ°è´Â ½Åµµ·Î, ½Å¸¸ÀÌ ¾²´Â °è´ÜÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸±â¿¡ ÀÌ Ãþ°è¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±ÝÁöµÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. ³²ÀÚ´Â ¿Þ¼ÕÀ» À§·Î, ¿©ÀÚ´Â ¿À¸¥¼ÕÀ» À§·Î ÇÏ°í °É¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ´Â Çâ±³ ³» ¸ðµç Àå¼Ò¿¡¼­ ÁöÄÑÁ®¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¿¹ÀýÀ̾ú°í, ¾ö°ÝÇÏ°Ô Àû¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù.

To follow the nature of yin and yang, it was mandatory to enter through the right and exit through the left. The middle flight of steps was ½Åµµ, or the pathway of god. Therefore, men were prohibited from using this particular flight of steps. Males had their left hands on top while the females their rights. The rules were strictly kept in all places within the Çâ±³.


 

 

´ë¼ºÀü)

ÀÌ °÷Àº Á¦»ç¸¦ Áö³»´ø ´ë¼ºÀüÀÌ´Ù. ³»»ï¹®À» µé¾î¼­¸é ¹Ù·Î ¸ÂÀº Æí¿¡ ´ë¼ºÀüÀÌ Àִµ¥, º»µð ¿ÞÂÊ°ú ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡´Â ¼ºÇöÀ» Á¦»çÁö³»´Â ¼­¹«¿Í µ¿¹«°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ °úõÇâ±³´Â µ¶Æ¯ÇÏ°Ôµµ ¸í·û´ç À§ÂÊ¿¡ ´ë¼ºÀüÀÌ À§Ä¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

This place is ´ë¼ºÀü, the place for commemorating sages such as Confucius and Mencius. When one enters through ³»»ï¹®, there is ´ë¼ºÀü right ahead. There used to be ¼­¹« and µ¿¹« for the traditional rituals. Unlike general Çâ±³s, however, °úõ Çâ±³ places ´ë¼ºÀü upside of the hill and ¸í·û´ç downside of the hill.


 

´ë¼ºÀüÀº Á¸°æ°ú ¿¹ÀǸ¦ °®Ãß±â À§ÇØ °¡Àå ³ôÀº °÷¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇØÀÖ´Ù. ´ë¼ºÀüÀº 18¸íÀÇ ¼ºÀÎÀ» ±â¸®°í ±×µéÀÇ ¾÷ÀûÀ» ±â¾ïÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °÷À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÇлýµéÀº ÀÌ °÷¿¡¼­ °øÀÚÀÇ Åº½ÅÀÏ°ú ±âÀÏ¿¡ ¼®Àü´ëÁ¦¸¦ ¿Ã¸®°í, ÇÑ ´Þ¿¡ µÎ ¹ø¾¿ ºÐÇâ·Êµµ ¿Ã¸°´Ù.

The reason ´ë¼ºÀü is placed at the highest place is to show respect. This is because is a place to pay homage to 18 sages and to commemorate their achievements. In the ´ë¼ºÀü, ¼®Àü´ëÁ¦ is performed on the date of Confucius's birth and death as well as a bi-monthly ºÐÇâ·Ê.


 

¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ)

°úõ Çâ±³¿¡¼­ 3ÀÏ µ¿¾ÈÀÇ Ä·ÇÁ¸¦ ÅëÇØ Çлýµé¿¡°Ô Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¹®È­¿Í ¿¹ÀǸ¦ °¡¸£Ä£´Ù. ÀüÅë³îÀÌ¿Í °ø¿¬À» ºñ·ÔÇÑ °¢Á¾ È°µ¿µµ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ¾î. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¸ÅÁÖ Åä¿äÀϸ¶´Ù ÇлýµéÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î »çÀÚ¼º¾î¸¦ ¿µ¾î·Î ±³À°ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Today, students are taught about culture and courtesy in the Çâ±³. through the three day camp which teach them the attitude of our ancestors. Physical activities such as traditional games and activities are also included. Furthermore every Saturday, there are programs for young children learning old proverbs in English.


 

 

È«»ì¹®)

È«»ì¹®Àº Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼­ ÇÏ»çÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ºÓÀº »öÀº ¾Ç±Í¸¦ ¸ô¾Æ³»´Â Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ È«»ì¹®À» µé¾î¼­´Â ¼ø°£ ¸ö°ú ¸¶À½À» ¹Ù¸£°Ô Á¤µ·ÇÏ¿© ¼ºÇöµéÀ» ¿¹·Î¼­ ¸ð½Ã´Â °ÍÀ» ÀØÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Çâ±³ÀÇ »ï¿ø»öÀº õÁöÀÎÀ» »ó¡Çϴµ¥, õÀº Çϳª´Ô, ÁøÀº ¶¥ÀÇ ½Å·É, ÀÎÀº Á¶»óÀ» »ó¡ÇÑ´Ù.

 

We¡¯re finally back at the È«»ì¹®. È«»ì¹® is bestowed by the government and it has a meaning of expelling bad spirits from the place. So, after entering È«»ì¹®, we should rearrange attire and behavior. The three colors of Çâ±³ represent õÁöÀÎ. õ,the sky, means god; Áö, the earth, the spirits of the land; and ÀÎ, man, one's ancestors.


 

 

µåµð¾î Ç×±³ °øºÎ°¡ ³¡³µ´Ù. ½ÅºÐÁ¦µµ°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø Á¶¼±½Ã´ë¿¡ ¾ç¹Ý°ú Æò¹ÎÀÌ ÆòµîÇÏ°Ô °øºÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ø±³À°±â°üÀÌ Àü±¹ÀûÀ¸·Î »êÀçÇØ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¿ª»çÀûÀ¸·Îµµ Áß¿äÇÑ »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù.

Finally we finished looking all over the ¡®Çâ±³¡¯! It is worthy to take notice that public education institutions existed at this time in Korea and people had equal chance of education regardless of their social classes.


 

¿À´Ã³¯Àº ¿¹ÀüÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ ´ë½Å ÇлýµéÀÌ Çб³¿¡¼­ ½±°Ô ¹è¿ìÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â Àμº±³À°°ú ¹®È­Ã¼ÇèÀ» Áö¿ªÁֹο¡°Ô Á¦°øÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀλóÀûÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀÌ Áö¼ÓµÇ¾î³ª°¡±æ ¹Ù¶ó¸ç ¹ßÇ¥¸¦ ³¡¸¶Ä£´Ù.

Today, instead of the traditional it used to play, ¡®Çâ±³¡¯ offers education on culture and courtesy, as well as character education that is rather hard to encounter in today's modernized schools. Hoping that such roles will maintain on and on, I hereby end my presentation. Thank you!

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